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**1920's** – educational objectives, individualized instruction, self-paced, self- corrective workbooks, and diagnostic placement tests. Instruction ventured into self-led as opposed to traditional, teacher led. Sidney Pressey developed a machine to provide drill and practice items to students. Pressey maintained that the teacher is "burdened by such routine of drill and information-fixing". National Professional Organization for Visual Instruction was established, 1923. This organization evolved into the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT). **1930's** - objectives were written in terms of student behaviors and thus called "behavioral objectives", formative evaluation (evaluating instructional systems as they are administered) was recognized. Ralph Tyler was a major milestone in specifying general objectives for education, and behavioral objectives were being shaped. The movement in the 1920’s and 30’s paved the way for where we are today in the world of Instructional Technology. “Technological advances in such areas as radio broadcasting, sound recordings, and sound motion pictures led to increased interest in instructional media.” This movement became known as the “audiovisual instruction movement.” The great depression couldn’t keep this fast moving technological advance from spreading rapidly. The limitations were unknown as people kept stretching this rapidly growing phenomenon farther and farther. **1940's** - This new technological advance gave our troops an added benefit during World War II. Films were used totrain the military in a wide variety of ways. The use of film helped the military reach a constant among its troops, which were from a wide variety of backgrounds. The films helped from training the troops to fight, to training the troops on how to use the equipment properly gave our troops a much needed lift in helping win the war. **1960's** - Gagne & his analysis of learning objectives, criterion-referenced evaluation rather than norm-referenced. Gagne introduced the idea of task analysis to instructional design. Through task analysis, an instructional task could be broken down into sequential steps - hierarchical relationship of tasks and subtasks. Norman Crowder developed "intrinsic" programming. In this model, a learner's possible responses are multiple choices, and the program branches depending on the response chosen. Students could omit steps they already knew or return to study remedial material on information already presented. **1970's** - Needs assessment was first used to determine what the objectives of an instructional system should be rather than assuming a set of objectives and cognitive psychology began to really merge with instructional design. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak design the Apple I Computer, 1976. It was a kit computer; customers bought the parts and built their own case. **1980's** – Microcomputers and Performing Technology. Microcomputer instruction (CBI/CBT) flourished in this decade with the emphasis on design for interactivity and learner control. **2000- Future**- Y2K bug was a clicking time bomb for all major computer applications. Finally when the big day came, many utilities and other companies switched off their main computers and put the backup computers on work. When the clock ticked Jan 1, 2000, no major problems were reported. Almost every bank worked fine, no major power outages were reported, airplanes still flew and the whole world went on with its normal life. The future of technology is now here. Faster and massive storage technological devices have become mandatory to keep up with today’s expectations. While video cameras, cell phones, and CD players have all been reduced to about the size of a credit card, technology is still making major progress. People now rely heavily on some form of technology to learn and teach others in our day and time!!
 * The timeline above illustrates a few important events of instructional technology over the past eight decades, beginning with Ralph Tyler and ending with an ever changing world of technology in the future. Below is a more detailed of important events starting from 1920’s and beyond, sit back and enjoy a ride throughout time!!! **
 * 1950’s** - Television was first introduced. Television was seen as, “educational broadcasting that was a quick, efficient, inexpensive means of satisfying the nation’s instructional needs.” History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The U.S. wanted to be the leader in defense and launched the Explorer Project. The Sputnik launch also led directly to the creation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). During this period of instructional technology, Behaviorism flourished.
 * [[image:stars.JPG align="left"]]1990’s**- Focus on designing learning environments based on a constructivist approach to learning and multimedia development. Hypertext and hypermedia influence the field and cross cultural issues are bridged using the Internet. The World Wide Web Is Developed at CERN by Tim Berners-Lee, 1991. Three years later, Marc Andreessen and James H. Clark found Netscape Communications and release Netscape Navigator browser software, which provides an easy, point-and-click method of navigating the Internet.